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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 19(4): 369-375, July-Aug. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-759272

ABSTRACT

Background: To analyse knowledge, attitudes and sexual practices on HIV/AIDS, and estimate HIV prevalence among residents of Sucre (Bolivia).Methodology: Population-based survey of residents aged 15-49 randomly selected during 2008/2009. Blood samples were collected on Whatman-filter paper and tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Knowledge on HIV/AIDS, sexual risk practices and discriminatory attitudes against people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) were modelled with multiple logistic regression.Results: Of 1499 subjects, 59% were women. All subjects were HIV-negative. Inadequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention was observed in 67% and risk factors varied by gender (interaction p-value < 0.05). Discriminatory attitudes were displayed by 85% subjects; associated factors were: rural residence, low educational level and low income. Unsafe sex was reported by 10%; risk factors varied by residence area (interaction p-value < 0.05). In urban areas, risk factors were male sex, younger age and being in common-law union.Conclusions: Prevalence of HIV infection is very low and unsafe sex is relatively uncommon. Inadequate knowledge on HIV/AIDS and discriminatory attitudes towards PLWHA are extremely high and are associated to gender, ethnic and economic inequalities.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , HIV Infections/transmission , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Bolivia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Prevalence , Rural Population , Sexual Behavior , Urban Population
2.
Salud pública Méx ; 51(supl.4): S540-S550, 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-556064

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate energy, nutrient intake and diet adequacy in school-aged children based on the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 (ENSANUT 2006). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Food intake data from food frequency questionnaires was analyzed for 8 716 children aged 5 to 11 years. Energy and nutrients intake and adequacy were obtained. Comparisons were made at regional, urban/rural areas, socioeconomic status (SES) and nutrition status (body mass index and height/age). RESULTS: Median energy intake was 1501 kcal/d (percent adequacy: 88.0). Overweight and obesity prevalence was 25.5 percent. Stunting prevalence was 10 percent. Children at lowest SES, indigenous and from rural communities showed the highest inadequacies for vitamin A, folate, zinc, and calcium. Overweight children and those highest SES had higher risk of excessive intakes. CONCLUSIONS: Coexistence of over and undernutrition reflects a polarized model of nutrition transition among Mexican children.


OBJETIVO: Estimar el consumo y adecuación de energía y nutrimentos en niños escolares mexicanos que participaron en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006 (ENSANUT 2006). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizaron datos de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos en 8 716 niños de entre 5 y 11 años de edad. Se calcularon la ingesta y la adecuación de energía y nutrimentos. Se hicieron comparaciones por región, área urbana/rural, nivel socioeconómico (NSE) y estado nutricio (índice de masa corporal y talla/edad). RESULTADOS: La mediana de ingestión de energía fue 1 501 kcal/día ( por ciento adecuación 88.0); 25.5 por ciento de los niños tuvieron sobrepeso u obesidad; 10 por ciento, retardo en talla. Los niños con menor NSE, los indígenas y los de comunidades rurales mostraron mayores inadecuaciones dietarias de vitamina A, folato, zinc y calcio. Los niños con sobrepeso y los de mayor NSE presentaron más riesgo de ingestiones excesivas. CONCLUSIONES: La coexistencia de malnutrición por exceso y por deficiencia evidencia una transición nutricional polarizada en niños mexicanos.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Eating , Energy Intake , Nutrition Surveys , Mexico
3.
San Salvador; s.n; 1998. 114 p. Ilus.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, BISSAL | ID: biblio-1255097

ABSTRACT

¿Qué es la Odontología Forense? ¿Cuál es su utilidad en nuestro país? ¿Cuáles son las técnicas odontológicas forenses más utilizadas en El Salvador? Estas son algunas de las preguntas fundamentales que este trabajo intenta responde, a través de una investigación realizada en el Instituto de Medicina Legal "Dr. Roberto Masferrer", y con el aporte de los odontólogos forenses que trabajan en las diferentes dependencias de ese instituto, a quienes se les solicitó su colaboración para contestar una serie de preguntas referidas al tema en estudio Con los resultados de esas entrevistas, se obtuvo importante información sobre las técnicas odontológicas forenses utilizadas. Dichos resultados han sido debidamente analizados, cuantitativa y cualitativamente, para lo cual se incluyen cuadros estadísticos Toda la información recogida, como se verá en el desarrollo de esta investigación, resultó muy novedosa e interesante. V El trabajo además incluye un apartado de objetivos, limitantes, alcances y otros, así como también un extenso y completo marco teórico y una explicación detallada de la metodología que se utilizó a lo largo de esta investigación. Se espera que, con este trabajo, las personas que desean conocer aspectos relevantes sobre las técnicas odontológicas forenses, obtengan conocimientos fundamentales y de interés general en el área de la Odontología Forense.


What is Forensic Dentistry? What is its usefulness in our country? What are the most used forensic dental techniques in El Salvador? These are some of the fundamental questions that this work tries to answer, through an investigation carried out in the Institute of Legal Medicine "Dr. Roberto Masferrer", and with the contribution of forensic dentists who work in the different dependencies of that institute, Their collaboration was requested to answer a series of questions related to the subject under study. With the results of these interviews, important information was obtained on the forensic dental techniques used. These results have been duly analyzed, quantitatively and qualitatively, for which statistical tables are included. All the information collected, as will be seen in the development of this research, was very novel and interesting. V The work also includes a section on objectives, limitations, scope and others, as well as an extensive and complete theoretical framework and a detailed explanation of the methodology used throughout this research. It is expected that, with this work, people who want to know relevant aspects of forensic dental techniques, obtain fundamental knowledge of general interest in the area of ​​Forensic Dentistry.


Subject(s)
Forensic Dentistry , Dental Materials , El Salvador
4.
La Paz; OPS/OMS; 1998. 27 p.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, LIBOCS, LIBOE, LIBOSP | ID: lil-231809

ABSTRACT

La presente guía constituye un contexto un instrumento útil para motivar e impulsar aquellas instituciones y organizaciones comunitarias que tienen la firme decisión de trabajar por estilos de vida no violentos y saludables en nuestras familias


Subject(s)
Humans , Spouse Abuse/prevention & control , Community Networks , Domestic Violence/prevention & control , Bolivia , Interpersonal Relations
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